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Although most railways of central and eastern Canada were initially built to a broad gauge, there were several, especially in The Maritimes and Ontario, which were built as individual narrow gauge lines. These were generally less expensive to build, but were more vulnerable to frost heaving because vertical displacement of one rail caused greater angular deflection of the narrower two-rail running surface. Most of the longer examples were regauged starting in the 1880s as the railway network began to bought up by larger companies. The largest systems in the country were the lines such as: the Newfoundland Railway and others on the island of Newfoundland (); Ontario's Toronto and Nipissing Railway and Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway (); the Prince Edward Island Railway (); and the New Brunswick Railway () in the Saint John River valley of New Brunswick. Various mining and industrial operations in Canada have also operated narrow gauge railways. The only remaining narrow gauge system in Canada is the White Pass and Yukon Route, which uses some of the rolling stock of the Newfoundland Railway which closed in the late 1980s. ==Newfoundland== Construction on the Newfoundland Railway began in 1881 and continued on amid recrimination and lawsuits until the line crossed the island to the ferry port at Port aux Basques in 1898. Since no roads existed, it was an economic life-line for the island to the rest of North America, but it chronically lost money. The Newfoundland government took it over in 1923, and the Canadian government transferred it to Canadian National Railways (CNR) when Newfoundland became part of Canada in 1949. After the Trans-Canada Highway was completed across Newfoundland in 1965, trucks took most of its freight service in the same year as CN instituted the first railcar ferry service to the island. Standard-gauge cars had their trucks switched to narrow gauge for movement on the island. Interchange with the North American system did not improve the traffic levels and even the CNR started to move its own freight increasingly by truck. The death knell came for both the Newfoundland and P.E.I. Railways in 1987 when Canada deregulated its railway industry and allowed railways to abandon money-losing lines. The Newfoundland Railway was the longest narrow gauge system in North America at the time of its abandonment in September 1988. It was also the last commercial common carrier narrow gauge railway in Canada, since the White Pass & Yukon had closed earlier in the decade. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Narrow gauge railways in Canada」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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